autonomic neuron - определение. Что такое autonomic neuron
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Что (кто) такое autonomic neuron - определение

DIVISION OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Autonomic Nervous System; Autonomic function; Vegetative nervous system; Autonomic agents; Autonomic division; Sympathetic fibers; Autonomous nervous system; Neurovegetative system; Autonomous ns; Autonomic ns; Visceral senses; Visceral sense; Automatic nervous system; Sensory Autonomic System; Sensory autonomic system; Involuntary nerve system; Vegetative system; Autonomic reactions; Autonomic reaction; Autonomic neuron; Autonomic neuroscience; Visceral (autonomic) nervous system; Involuntary nervous system; Autonomic peripheral nervous system; Neurovegetative
  • A flow diagram showing the process of stimulation of adrenal medulla that makes it release adrenaline, that further acts on adrenoreceptors, indirectly mediating or mimicking sympathetic activity.
  • Autonomic nervous system, showing [[splanchnic nerve]]s in middle, and the vagus nerve as "X" in blue. The heart and organs below in list to right are regarded as viscera.
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Autonomic nervous system         
The autonomic nervous system (ANS), formerly referred to as the vegetative nervous system, is a division of the peripheral nervous system that supplies smooth muscle and glands, and thus influences the function of internal organs. The autonomic nervous system is a control system that acts largely unconsciously and regulates bodily functions, such as the heart rate, digestion, respiratory rate, pupillary response, urination, and sexual arousal.
Trigeminal autonomic cephalgia         
HEADACHE DISORDER CHARACTERIZED BY EPISODES OF UNILATERAL, SHORT LASTING PAIN AND ASSOCIATED IPSILATERAL CRANIAL AUTONOMIC SYMPTOMS
Trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias; Trigeminal autonomic cephalgias; Trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia
Trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia (TAC) is the name for a type of primary headache that occurs with pain on one side of the head in the trigeminal nerve area and symptoms in autonomic systems on the same side, such as eye watering and redness or drooping eyelids. TACs include
Neuron doctrine         
  • Ramón y Cajal's drawing of the cells of the chick [[cerebellum]], from ''Estructura de los centros nerviosos de las aves'', Madrid, 1905
CONCEPT THAT THE NERVOUS SYSTEM IS MADE UP OF DISCRETE INDIVIDUAL CELLS
Neuron theory
The neuron doctrine is the concept that the nervous system is made up of discrete individual cells, a discovery due to decisive neuro-anatomical work of Santiago Ramón y Cajal and later presented by, among others, H. Waldeyer-Hartz.

Википедия

Autonomic nervous system

The autonomic nervous system (ANS), formerly referred to as the vegetative nervous system, is a division of the nervous system that supplies internal organs, smooth muscle and glands. The autonomic nervous system is a control system that acts largely unconsciously and regulates bodily functions, such as the heart rate, its force of contraction, digestion, respiratory rate, pupillary response, urination, and sexual arousal. This system is the primary mechanism in control of the fight-or-flight response.

The autonomic nervous system is regulated by integrated reflexes through the brainstem to the spinal cord and organs. Autonomic functions include control of respiration, cardiac regulation (the cardiac control center), vasomotor activity (the vasomotor center), and certain reflex actions such as coughing, sneezing, swallowing and vomiting. Those are then subdivided into other areas and are also linked to autonomic subsystems and the peripheral nervous system. The hypothalamus, just above the brain stem, acts as an integrator for autonomic functions, receiving autonomic regulatory input from the limbic system.

Although conflicting reports about its subdivisions exist in the literature, the autonomic nervous system has four branches: the sympathetic nervous system, the parasympathetic nervous system, the visceral sensory nervous system and the enteric nervous system. Some textbooks do not include the enteric nervous system as part of this system. The sympathetic nervous system is often considered the "fight or flight" system, while the parasympathetic nervous system is often considered the "rest and digest" or "feed and breed" system. In many cases, both of these systems have "opposite" actions where one system activates a physiological response and the other inhibits it. An older simplification of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems as "excitatory" and "inhibitory" was overturned due to the many exceptions found. A more modern characterization is that the sympathetic nervous system is a "quick response mobilizing system" and the parasympathetic is a "more slowly activated dampening system", but even this has exceptions, such as in sexual arousal and orgasm, wherein both play a role.

There are inhibitory and excitatory synapses between neurons. A third subsystem of neurons has been named as non-noradrenergic, non-cholinergic transmitters (because they use nitric oxide as a neurotransmitter) and are integral in autonomic function, in particular in the gut and the lungs.

Although the ANS is also known as the visceral nervous system and although most of its fibers carry non-somatic information to the CNS, many authors still consider it only connected with the motor side. Most autonomous functions are involuntary but they can often work in conjunction with the somatic nervous system which provides voluntary control.